Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine, which can manifest as either gross hematuria, where the blood is visible and causes the urine to appear pink, red, or brown, or microscopic hematuria, where blood is only detectable through laboratory tests and not visible to the naked eye. This condition can result from various causes, including urinary tract infections, kidney stones, trauma, or more serious conditions like tumors or chronic kidney disease. Diagnosing hematuria involves a combination of urinalysis, imaging studies, and blood work to identify the underlying cause and determine appropriate treatment. Regular monitoring and management are essential, especially if hematuria is recurrent or associated with significant health conditions.