Congenital kidney anomalies are structural or functional abnormalities of the kidneys present from birth, arising during fetal development. These anomalies can range from relatively benign conditions, such as renal agenesis (the absence of one or both kidneys), to more complex issues like horseshoe kidneys (where the kidneys fuse together), and polycystic kidney disease (characterized by the growth of multiple fluid-filled cysts within the kidneys). Some congenital anomalies may not cause symptoms or problems immediately but can lead to complications over time, including urinary tract infections, hypertension, or kidney failure. Diagnosis is typically made through prenatal imaging, such as ultrasound, or postnatally through further imaging and diagnostic tests if symptoms arise. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the anomaly and may involve medical management, surgical interventions, or regular monitoring to ensure optimal kidney function and address any associated health issues. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to improving outcomes and maintaining kidney health.